The Mughal conquest of Gingee in 1698 marked the beginning of a new chapter in the fortress’s long history. The great stronghold, which had resisted Islamic conquest for so long, now became an important administrative center of the Mughal empire in South India. The Period of Bundela Rule
Early Mughal Administration
Initially, Gingee was governed directly by Mughal officials appointed by the emperor. The fortress was thoroughly repaired and adapted to serve as the headquarters of the newly created Subah of Carnatic. This made Gingee one of the most important administrative centers in South India.
The Mughals recognized the strategic importance of Gingee and invested considerable resources in strengthening its defenses and improving its facilities. New buildings were constructed within the fortress complex, and the town below the hills was expanded to accommodate the growing administrative and military establishment.
The Arrival of the Bundelas
The appointment of Bundela Rajputs to govern Gingee came as part of Emperor Aurangzeb’s policy of rewarding loyal commanders with important positions. The Bundelas, who had served with distinction in various Mughal campaigns, were considered reliable administrators who could be trusted with such an important frontier post.
The first Bundela governor of Gingee was appointed around 1700, shortly after the completion of the Mughal conquest. This marked the beginning of what would become a hereditary governorship that lasted for several decades.
Daud Khan’s Governorship
One of the most notable early Mughal governors of Gingee was Daud Khan, who held the position from 1700 to 1708. Daud Khan was an experienced administrator who had served in various parts of the Mughal empire before being appointed to this important southern post.
During his tenure, Daud Khan made significant improvements to the fortress and its administration:
Administrative Reorganization: The revenue system was overhauled and made more efficient, increasing the income from the territory under Gingee’s control.
Infrastructure Development: Roads were improved, and new rest houses were constructed along the major trade routes.
Military Strengthening: The garrison was reinforced and new defensive works were added to the fortress.
Urban Development: The town below the fortress was expanded and improved, with new markets and residential areas constructed.
Despite these achievements, Daud Khan faced significant challenges during his governorship. The climate of Gingee proved unhealthy for many of the Mughal officials and soldiers, leading to high mortality rates. This problem was so severe that serious consideration was given to moving the administrative capital to a more suitable location.
The Move to Arcot
The health problems at Gingee eventually forced the Mughals to relocate their administrative headquarters. In 1712, during the governorship of Saadatullah Khan, the capital of the Carnatic Subah was officially moved from Gingee to Arcot.
This decision was made reluctantly, as Gingee’s strategic position and strong fortifications made it an ideal military base. However, the unhealthy climate had made it impossible to maintain an effective administration there.
The move to Arcot marked the beginning of Gingee’s decline as an administrative center, though it remained important as a military stronghold and regional fortress