One of the most illustrious rulers of Gingee was Krishnappa Nayaka, whose reign marked the height of the fortress’s power and prosperity. Krishnappa, also known as Tubaki Krishnappa Nayak, was a devoted follower of Vishnu and is credited with numerous architectural and religious achievements.
According to local tradition, Krishnappa nayaka was originally from Conjeevaram where he maintained a flower garden dedicated to Varadarajaswami. The legend tells of how the deity appeared to him in the form of a boar, leading him on a chase that ended at the rock where Singavaram now stands. There the deity revealed himself and commanded Krishnappa to build a temple on the spot.
Through miraculous means involving an ascetic with alchemical powers, Krishnappa obtained unlimited wealth in the form of gold. With these resources, he not only built the magnificent rock-cut temple at Singavaram but also greatly expanded and beautified the fortress of Gingee.
Architectural Achievements
Under Krishnappa’s rule, many of the finest buildings in Gingee were constructed or completed:
The Kalyanmahal: This remarkable eight-story tower with its intricate water supply system represents the pinnacle of Indo-Islamic architecture at Gingee. Each floor contained apartments for the royal household, connected by an ingenious system of water pipes that carried fresh water from the Chakrakulam tank.
Temple Complexes: Krishnappa nayaka was responsible for the construction or renovation of several important temples, including additions to the Venkataramanaswami temple and the creation of the elaborate Pattabhi Ramaswami temple with its famous twelve-pillared mantapam.
Fortification Improvements: The defensive walls were strengthened and extended during his reign, and new gateways were constructed with elaborate architectural details.
Water Management: Perhaps most importantly, Krishnappa nayaka oversaw the creation of an sophisticated water management system that included the construction of large tanks like the Chakrakulam and an network of channels and pipes that supplied water to all parts of the fortress, even to the highest points of the hills.
Cultural Patronage
Krishnappa nayaka was a great patron of the arts and learning. His court attracted scholars, poets, and artists from across South India. The Telugu and Tamil literary traditions flourished under his patronage, and many important works were composed during his reign.
The ruler was particularly devoted to Vaishnavism and made significant contributions to various temples throughout his territory. His religious devotion was matched by his administrative competence, and the period of his rule is remembered as one of peace and prosperity.