The Last Sultan On The Hill Sikandar Shah The Madurai Sultanate And The Dargah At Thiruparankundram
History

The Last Sultan on the Hill: Sikandar Shah, the Madurai Sultanate, and the Dargah at Thiruparankundram

There is a dargah on the northeastern slope of Thiruparankundram hill that most visitors walk past without a second glance. It marks the grave of Sikandar Shah — the last sultan of the Madurai Sultanate, killed here in battle around 1378 CE. History calls him a vanquished king. His followers called him a saint. The truth, as always, is more interesting than either version alone.

The Madurai Sultanate 1335–1378
History

The Madurai Sultanate (1335–1378): Rule, Violence, and Resistance in Medieval South India

The Madurai Sultanate (1335–1378) was a short-lived but intense kingdom in South India that emerged from the collapse of the Pandya rule and the weakening of the Delhi Sultanate. Marked by political instability, rapid succession of rulers, and accounts of harsh governance, this period reflects a turbulent phase in Tamil history. Drawing from sources like Ibn Battuta and Madura Vijayam, this article explores the rise, rule, violence, resistance, and eventual fall of the Sultanate under Vijayanagara forces.